Chinese words in daily life

• Rock^Star

  17 Jun 11, 12:33

  I'm sure you've also heard of people saying "å…¬ç§�用“; meaning to say "to share". Is there such a word as å…¬ç§�?

  Also, we must have also heard: "他�东西�　ｓｔｅ�ｄｙ　ｌｅｈ."　How else can we say it?

• Rock^Star

  17 Jun 11, 12:34

  I'm sure you've also heard of people saying "å…¬ç§�用“; meaning to say "to share". Is there such a word as å…¬ç§�?

  Also, we must have also heard: "他�东西�　ｓｔｅ�ｄｙ　ｌｅｈ."　How else can we say it?

• Rock^Star

  17 Jun 11, 15:20

  Originally posted by Rock^Star:

  How do we say RAM (computer)?

  Insulator?

  Copy (as in files from folder to flashdisk etc)?

  How do we say RAM (computer)? 存�记忆体

  Insulator?　�热器

  Copy (as in files from folder to flashdisk etc)?　拷　���　例如：麻烦你把这个电影拷进我的电脑。谢谢。

• Rock^Star

  17 Jun 11, 15:28

  Originally posted by Rock^Star:

  I'm sure you've also heard of people saying "å…¬ç§�用“; meaning to say "to share". Is there such a word as å…¬ç§�?

  Also, we must have also heard: "他�东西�　ｓｔｅ�ｄｙ　ｌｅｈ."　How else can we say it?

  I'm sure you've also heard of people saying "å…¬ç§�用“; meaning to say "to share". Is there such a word as å…¬ç§�?

  I believe the word 公� may have been pirated from bahasa. 公� itself actually means public and private. For example: 公�分明 means to differentiate between public and private affairs clearly.

  Also, we must have also heard: "他�东西�　ｓｔｅ�ｄｙ　ｌｅｈ."　How else can we say it?

  We can say: 他�事情很稳� 　或者　他�事情稳扎稳打　或者　他的处事方�很安稳。

• Rock^Star

  17 Jun 11, 15:34

  Originally posted by Loor:

  How about 'smelly egg'?!

  Ok, seriously:

  • meringue
  • platypus

  Good suggestions but for everyday usage?

• The man who was death

  17 Jun 11, 22:07

  Originally posted by Rock^Star:

  How do we say RAM (computer)? 存�记忆体

  Insulator?　�热器

  Copy (as in files from folder to flashdisk etc)?　拷　���　例如：麻烦你把这个电影拷进我的电脑。谢谢。

  Insulator not 隔热 meh?? �热 sounds wierd

  copy is æ‹·è´�

  save is 存档

  backup is 备档

• The man who was death

  17 Jun 11, 22:09

  Originally posted by Loor:

  How about 'smelly egg'?!

  Ok, seriously:

  • meringue
  • platypus

  platypus is 鸭嘴兽

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 00:31

  Originally posted by The man who was death:

  Insulator not 隔热 meh?? �热 sounds wierd

  copy is æ‹·è´�

  save is 存档

  backup is 备档

  Thanks for sharing :) I guess 隔热　is fine too. Best thing about Mandarin is that it's flexible.

  Come to think of it, æ‹·è´� is the direct translation of "copy". Usage of the word æ‹· alone is fine too.

• BanguIzai

  18 Jun 11, 00:41

  nice forum.

   

  edit:  Hope Chinese Language forum can include dialect discussions since dialects considered part of Chinese Language family.

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 00:46

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  nice forum.

   

  edit:  Hope Chinese Language forum can include dialect discussions since dialects considered part of Chinese Language family.

  Most welcomed! Tks.

• BanguIzai

  18 Jun 11, 01:40

  

  

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 11:57

  hahaha....i really think the "hanyu cool" campaign can do better. You don't just say, oh mandarin's cool, let's start speaking mandarin! It has to be the overall way of life, the way role models are bilingual in english and mandarin. People like Lee Hom come to mind.

  The singaporean accented chinese doesn't sound very good either, though I admit that's our way of life. Mediacorp personalities like 振容 and 谢韵仪 are those whom we can learn from. Not sounding too much like the 北京 accent and still sgaporean. �国煌， his standard of mandarin used is quite good but he carries a heavy �建 accent. If you look at variety shows from taiwan and china, one will realise that their level of mandarin used is much higher. And I wonder why Singapore, despite our modern education system has lagged behind? This one, fcukpap will have a lot to say hahahaha.

  Oh not forgetting, as we all know.... 郭亮 is very good. Saw him do an intro ad for "Tour with celebrities", I observed how he introduced China. Words like 山环水绕 (a place of mountains and water), 何�而�为 （means why not?) struck me. There's always this touch of finesse about his speech.

  The variety shows from taiwan and china, from the hosts to the guests..... there will always be idioms peppered into their conversations. It's natural for them.

• BanguIzai

  18 Jun 11, 15:28

  Without checking dictionary, with regards to:

  01. Mouse:  I have been using 滑鼠器 and I dunno 鼠標。<- sounds like Mouse pointer to me

  02. Monitor:  I have been using 熒幕 and I dunno 顯示器。 <- sounds artificial to me

  03. Steering Wheel:  I have been using 駕駛盤 and I dunno æ–¹å�‘盤。

  04. Door Knob:  I think I only know 門柄。

  05. Brake:  I think I only know 刹車器。

  06. Copy:  I used 複製。

  07. å…¬ç§�:  Should have been å…¬å�¸ã€‚I think it is pirated from Hokkien.   Bahasa "kongsi" came from Hokkien too.

  • Why å…¬å�¸ instead of å…¬ç§� leh?  Usage from Bahasa dictionary (Collins, 2005): kongsi - association, rakan kongsi - partner, kongsi gelap - triad society, berkongsi - to share, berkongsi hidup - to live together, perkongsian - partnership --〉 points to root form å…¬å�¸ instead of å…¬ç§� (< cannot mean "association")。
  • Also, (新加å�¡é–©å�—話概説, p180, “馬來語中的閩å�—話借詞舉例”), kongsi -〉 å…¬å�¸

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 16:55

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  Without checking dictionary, with regards to:

  01. Mouse:  I have been using 滑鼠器 and I dunno 鼠標。<- sounds like Mouse pointer to me  It's also commonly referred to as 滑鼠.

  02. Monitor:  I have been using 熒幕 and I dunno 顯示器。 <- sounds artificial to me  熒幕 is fine too. 顯示器 is more technical, I believe.

  03. Steering Wheel:  I have been using 駕駛盤 and I dunno æ–¹å�‘盤。 Both are ok.
  

  04. Door Knob:  I think I only know 門柄。 Ok that's new but I'm not surprised.

  05. Brake:  I think I only know 刹車器。 I think 刹車 is more drastic, it means sudden braking. Then again, I wouldn't say that's incorrect.

  06. Copy:  I used 複製。 No one will complain if you use 複製 haha. According to my China friends, they use 拷。 Makes sense anyway, since there's a 手字æ—�。

  07. å…¬ç§�:  Should have been å…¬å�¸ã€‚I think it is pirated from Hokkien.   Bahasa "kongsi" came from Hokkien too.  å…¬ç§� is used in å…¬ç§�分明。 That's what I meant. Nothing to do with  å…¬å�¸ã€‚

  • Why å…¬å�¸ instead of å…¬ç§� leh?  Usage from Bahasa dictionary (Collins, 2005): kongsi - association, rakan kongsi - partner, kongsi gelap - triad society, berkongsi - to share, berkongsi hidup - to live together, perkongsian - partnership --〉 points to root form å…¬å�¸ instead of å…¬ç§� (< cannot mean "association")。
  • Also, (新加å�¡é–©å�—話概説, p180, “馬來語中的閩å�—話借詞舉例”), kongsi -〉 å…¬å�¸

  谢谢�请点击 "show" 看回�。

• BanguIzai

  18 Jun 11, 17:04

  ok thanks.  But I thought you were referring to the usage in "å…¬ç§�用" ?   I point out in this usage should be "å…¬å�¸ç”¨"  instead  because sources pointed out the root meaning of "kongsi"

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 17:11

  Let's us all try this:

  他讲这样多废�� counter (counter attack) 我，真拿他没办法。

   

  麻烦你给我一个 straw.

  你的 collar 肮�了。

  他出很多pattern.

  给我一张 wet tissue.

  有没有pimple cream?

  Haha I'm sure many of you know the chinese words for those above but did they have you stumped for a while?

  Soon I'll move on to qeemer stuff..... eg idioms and wise sayings for daily life.

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 17:12

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  ok thanks.  But I thought you were referring to the usage in "å…¬ç§�用" ?   I point out in this usage should be "å…¬å�¸ç”¨"  instead  because sources pointed out the root meaning of "kongsi"

  Why it's 公� really baffles me haha, despite your faultless explanation.

• BanguIzai

  18 Jun 11, 17:48

  Originally posted by Rock^Star:

   

  hahaha....i really think the "hanyu cool" campaign can do better. You don't just say, oh mandarin's cool, let's start speaking mandarin! It has to be the overall way of life, the way role models are bilingual in english and mandarin. People like Lee Hom come to mind.

  The singaporean accented chinese doesn't sound very good either, though I admit that's our way of life. Mediacorp personalities like 振容 and 谢韵仪 are those whom we can learn from. Not sounding too much like the 北京 accent and still sgaporean. �国煌， his standard of mandarin used is quite good but he carries a heavy �建 accent. If you look at variety shows from taiwan and china, one will realise that their level of mandarin used is much higher. And I wonder why Singapore, despite our modern education system has lagged behind? This one, fcukpap will have a lot to say hahahaha.

  Oh not forgetting, as we all know.... 郭亮 is very good. Saw him do an intro ad for "Tour with celebrities", I observed how he introduced China. Words like 山环水绕 (a place of mountains and water), 何�而�为 （means why not?) struck me. There's always this touch of finesse about his speech.

  The variety shows from taiwan and china, from the hosts to the guests..... there will always be idioms peppered into their conversations. It's natural for them.

   

  I give some of my views on some of the above observations:

   

  On tones

  The singaporean accented chinese doesn't sound very good either, though I admit that's our way of life.

  I have observed that the 4 tones of our Mandarin Chinese (the target language) follows closely to that of Singaporean Hokkien (the substrate language). The trend should have started way back as far as 1960's. It has proliferated even into non-Hokkien base users groups, such as Cantonese background or Hainanese background,  reflecting the local character.

  Example:  Our 1st tone of "Yin Yang Shang Qu" is Tone 44 (using Chao YuanRen's 5-degree tonal scale), is lower than Standard Mandarin Chinese's 1st tone Tone 55.  Singapore's Hokkien 1st tone which corresponds to Mandarin Chinese 1st tone,  is also Tone 44.

  Our 2nd tone of "Yin Yang Shang Qu" is Tone 24, is lower than Standard Mandarin Chinese's 2nd tone Tone 35.  Singapore's Hokkien 2nd tone which corresponds to Mandarin Chinese 2nd tone,  is also Tone 24.

  Our 3rd tone of "Yin Yang Shang Qu" is Tone 11 <- low flat tone,  is different from the Standard Mandarin Chinese 3rd tone which is Tone 213 <- contour falling-rising tone.  Singapore's Hokkien 3rd tone which corresponds to Mandarin Chinese 3rd tone,   is Tone 53 ,  which is too far to be similar to Tone 213,  thus the substitution of  Singapore Hokkien 5th Tone Contour 11 or 22  to match  Singapore Mandarin 3rd Tone.   Because there is no "Falling-Rising Tone Contour"  in Singapore Hokkien,   thus the substitution of a "Low Flat Tone"  to approximate the low tone quality of Standard Mandarin's 3rd Tone.

  Our 4th tone of "Yin Yang Shang Qu" is Tone 53,  falls much less steeper than Standard Mandarin Chinese's 4th tone which is Tone 51.   Singapore's Hokkien 4th Tone which corresponds to Mandarin Chinese 4th tone,  is Tone 21,  which doesn't approximate to "High-Falling Tone Contour",  but fortunately,  Singapore Hokkien 4th Tone has a tone-sandhi feature of changing into Tone 53,  thus using it to match the "High-Falling Tone" quality of Standard Mandarin.

  Similarly in our neighbouring context,  the Malaysian Mandarin Chinese can be demonstrated to match closely to the tonal system of the Malaysian Hakka dialect.  (for more info, elaborate in another post when requested)

   

  On consonantal values

  Not sounding too much like the 北京 accent and still sgaporean. 

  Basically the main difference between Singapore Mandarin  Versus  Standard Mandarin Chinese or Taiwanese Mandarin is the tendency to pronounce Alveolo-palatal consonants as Alveolar consonants    and    the main difference between Singapore Mandarin and Taiwanese Mandarin  Versus  Standard Mandarin Chinese is the tendency to pronounce Retroflex consonants as Post-alveolar consonants or simply as Alveolar consonants.

  This is due to the influence of mirroring English phonology system.  This similar pattern is observed in other multi-lingual communities, indicating a natural phenomenon in the direction of retention of only a minimal set of phonological system for different languages.

   

   

  This, coupled with our distinctive tonal contours,  makes us truly Singaporean.

• BanguIzai

  18 Jun 11, 18:20

  counter =  i dunno how to use

  straw = i tend to use Singaporean æ°´è�‰    but i know Standard is å�¸ç®¡

  collar = i onli know é ˜

  pattern = i dunno how to use   (other than forcing myself to think æ‹› which seems unnatural)

  wet tissue = i dunno how to use

  pimple cream = i dunno how to use  (other than forcing myself use 暗瘡è†�)

   

  å…¬å�¸ = association (noun),  = to associate (verb) = associatively (adverb)

  å…¬å�¸ç”¨ shows the structure of a 狀中短語, with "å…¬å�¸" being the ç‹€èªž and "用" being the 謂語中心,   狀語 corresponds to the adverb in English and "用" being the 謂語 in this case corresponds to the verb in English.    (see Wikipedia artifcle here)

  å…¬å�¸ç”¨ = to use associatively = to share  ?

• Rock^Star

  18 Jun 11, 19:09

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  counter =  i dunno how to use

  straw = i tend to use Singaporean æ°´è�‰    but i know Standard is å�¸ç®¡

  collar = i onli know é ˜

  pattern = i dunno how to use   (other than forcing myself to think æ‹› which seems unnatural)

  wet tissue = i dunno how to use

  pimple cream = i dunno how to use  (other than forcing myself use 暗瘡è†�)

   

  å…¬å�¸ = association (noun),  = to associate (verb) = associatively (adverb)

  å…¬å�¸ç”¨ shows the structure of a 狀中短語, with "å…¬å�¸" being the ç‹€èªž and "用" being the 謂語中心,   狀語 corresponds to the adverb in English and "用" being the 謂語 in this case corresponds to the verb in English.    (see Wikipedia artifcle here)

  å…¬å�¸ç”¨ = to use associatively = to share  ?

  Hey, very interesting you know lol. You majored in chinese studies or what? I'm seriously considering doing a degree on that in china someday. Makes sense, hokkien tones are mostly low, can't recall really high ones. And the chinese we speak, the tone is pretty similar to the one used in guangzhou. I guess our accent comes from there, of course taking into account our rojak culture too.

  counter =  i dunno how to use (can use å��问，å��击，å��驳 etc...plenty)

  straw = i tend to use Singaporean æ°´è�‰    but i know Standard is å�¸ç®¡ (true)

  collar = i onli know é ˜ (spot on)

  pattern = i dunno how to use   (other than forcing myself to think æ‹› which seems unnatural) (I'd think æ‹›å¼� is fine)

  wet tissue = i dunno how to use  (湿纸巾）

  pimple cream = i dunno how to use  (other than forcing myself use 暗瘡è†�) (Spot on)

  __________________________

  他讲这样多废�� counter (counter attack) 我，真拿他没办法。(�问，�击，�驳 etc)

   éº»çƒ¦ä½ ç»™æˆ‘一个 straw. (å�¸ç®¡)

  你的 collar 肮�了。(领)

  他出很多pattern .(招�)

  给我一张 wet tissue. (湿纸巾）

  有没有pimple cream? (暗瘡�)

• BanguIzai

  19 Jun 11, 01:06

  Originally posted by Rock^Star:

  Hey, very interesting you know lol. You majored in chinese studies or what? I'm seriously considering doing a degree on that in china someday. Makes sense, hokkien tones are mostly low, can't recall really high ones. And the chinese we speak, the tone is pretty similar to the one used in guangzhou. I guess our accent comes from there, of course taking into account our rojak culture too.

  counter =  i dunno how to use (can use å��问，å��击，å��驳 etc...plenty)

  straw = i tend to use Singaporean æ°´è�‰    but i know Standard is å�¸ç®¡ (true)

  collar = i onli know é ˜ (spot on)

  pattern = i dunno how to use   (other than forcing myself to think æ‹› which seems unnatural) (I'd think æ‹›å¼� is fine)

  wet tissue = i dunno how to use  (湿纸巾）

  pimple cream = i dunno how to use  (other than forcing myself use 暗瘡è†�) (Spot on)

  __________________________

  他讲这样多废�� counter (counter attack) 我，真拿他没办法。(�问，�击，�驳 etc)

   éº»çƒ¦ä½ ç»™æˆ‘一个 straw. (å�¸ç®¡)

  你的 collar 肮�了。(领)

  他出很多pattern .(招�)

  给我一张 wet tissue. (湿纸巾）

  有没有pimple cream? (暗瘡�)

  I am just an aspiring linguist.  95% of my knowledge doesn't come from (any) school at all, it is all due to the interest that I have that help to build it up. I am happy to hear that you would want to major in Chinese Studies or Chinese Linguistics in China in the future. Look out for any interesting modules or inclinations that you have in any of the U there, so that you may proceed your research interest from there with the right resources immediately. I usually prefer the Southern Us cos my area of interest is in the southern dialects.  All the best to your endeavour.

  You are right, Hokkien tones are mostly low, but that is with regards to Singaporean Hokkien.  In the Chuanchiu variety of Hokkien, you can find more higher tonal texture. It's about 50% mixture of low and high in natural conversation due to tone-sandhi effect.

  Our accent indeed came from a mixture of Hokkien, Cantonese and Teochew background speakers, forming our distinct Singaporean Mandarin variety.

• Rock^Star

  19 Jun 11, 10:35

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  I am just an aspiring linguist.  95% of my knowledge doesn't come from (any) school at all, it is all due to the interest that I have that help to build it up. I am happy to hear that you would want to major in Chinese Studies or Chinese Linguistics in China in the future. Look out for any interesting modules or inclinations that you have in any of the U there, so that you may proceed your research interest from there with the right resources immediately. I usually prefer the Southern Us cos my area of interest is in the southern dialects.  All the best to your endeavour.

  You are right, Hokkien tones are mostly low, but that is with regards to Singaporean Hokkien.  In the Chuanchiu variety of Hokkien, you can find more higher tonal texture. It's about 50% mixture of low and high in natural conversation due to tone-sandhi effect.

  Our accent indeed came from a mixture of Hokkien, Cantonese and Teochew background speakers, forming our distinct Singaporean Mandarin variety.

  Got lobang let me know hor. Best thing is let me study while earning income teaching English in that uni lol.

• Rock^Star

  19 Jun 11, 12:41

  The best way to improve one's mandarin is to watch those documentary shows, esp those that introduce culture and history. Very colourful and vibrant, really brings out the essence and feel of the place.

  The variety shows are good to learn words about daily life. Well, just my personal observation :)

  Ok next up, just some random thoughts:

  Koi (fish) - ????

  Controller (air con) - ????

  Leash (dog) - ????

  Proverb - ???? (not �语）

  Advantage - ????  (besides 好处）

  Disadvantage - ????  （besides å��处）

  Entrepreneur - ????

  Pen/Pencil/Ruler container - ????

  Stapler - ????

  Staple (what we commonly call "stapler bullets" lol) - ????

  Eraser - ????

  Correction fluid - ????

  Sketch (drawing) - ????

  Graph (line) - ????

  Graph (bar) - ????

  Shilling / Coin - ????

  Clam ("Hum" in hokkien) - ????

  Sandals - ????　(not 拖鞋）

  Dehydration - ???? (not　中暑　because that means "heat stroke")

  Pillar - ????

• BanguIzai

  19 Jun 11, 20:43

  No lobang.  Coz I not linguist.  Just "aspiring" to be one.  If got lobang, please inform me too.  Tee hee.

  Koi (fish) - i say 鯉魚

  Controller (air con) - dunno

  Leash (dog) - dunno

  Proverb - ???? (not �语）then should be 諺語 lor

  Advantage - ????  (besides 好处）i oni know 好處

  Disadvantage - ????  （besides å��处）i oni know 壞處

  Entrepreneur - ???? �業家 har ?

  Pen/Pencil/Ruler container - ???? i say 原�筆 / 鉛筆 / dunno 尺 (i pronounce as cě) what

  Stapler - ???? dunno or maybe 打釘機

  Staple (what we commonly call "stapler bullets" lol) - ???? dunno or maybe 釘

  Eraser - ???? i say 樹膠擦 but do not use 橡皮擦

  Correction fluid - ???? i say "blanko" but do not use 塗改液 (i pronounce as yì) although i know

  Sketch (drawing) - ???? i say ç•«ç•«

  Graph (line) - ???? i say 表

  Graph (bar) - ???? i say 表

  Shilling / Coin - ???? i say 銀角 / 金盾

  Clam ("Hum" in hokkien) - ???? i say 蚶

  Sandals - ????　(not 拖鞋）i say 涼鞋

  Dehydration - ???? (not　中暑　because that means "heat stroke")  dunno

  Pillar - ???? i say 柱 but do not use 柱�

• BanguIzai

  19 Jun 11, 20:52

  From the "Your Personal GUIDE to speaking MANDARIN", 2005

  Chapter 1

  At LEISURE

   

  Art gallery

  画廊 huà láng

  What it means:

  画 painting 廊 corridor, veranda

   

  Beach

  沙滩 sh�t�n

  What it means:

  沙 sand 滩 beach

   

  Billiard room

  å�°ç�ƒå®¤ táiqiúshì

  What it means:

  � table � ball 室 room

   

  Bowling alley

  ä¿�龄ç�ƒåœº bÇŽolíngqiúchÇŽng

  What it means:

  ä¿�龄 transliteration of “bowling” ç�ƒ ball 场 a place where people gather

   

  Cabaret show

  歌舞秀 gÄ“wÇ”xiù

  What it means:

  æ­Œ song 舞 dance 秀 transliteration of “show”

   

  Cable car

  缆车 lǎnchē

  What it means:

  缆 cable 车 vehicle

   

  Cafeteria

  咖啡厅 k�fēitīng

  What it means:

  å’–å•¡ transliteration of “coffee” 厅 hall

   

  Casino

  赌场 dǔchǎng

  What it means:

  赌 gamble 场 a place where people gather

   

  Concert

  音ä¹�会 yÄ«nyuèhuì

  What it means:

  音 sound � music 会 gathering

   

  Disco

  迪斯科 dísÄ«kÄ“

  What it means:

  迪斯科 transliteration of “disco”

   

  Entertainment outlets

  娱ä¹�场所 yúlè chÇŽngsuÇ’

  What it means:

  娱� entertainment 场所 a place where people gather

   

  Ferris wheel

  摩天轮 mótiÄ�nlún

  What it means:

  摩 scrape 天 sky 轮 wheel

   

  Games arcade

  电玩中心 diànwánzhÅ�ngxÄ«n

  What it means:

  电 electronic玩 play, have fun 中心 centre

   

  Golf course

  高尔夫ç�ƒåœº gÄ�oÄ›rfÅ« qiúchÇŽng

  What it means:

  高尔夫 transliteration of “golf” ç�ƒ ball 场 a place where people gather

   

  Integrated resort

  综å�ˆåº¦å�‡èƒœåœ° zÅ�nghé dùjià shèngdì

  What it means:

  综 put together � join, combine 度 spend � holiday 胜地 scenic spot

   

  Lounge

  歌舞厅 gēwǔtīng

  What it means:

  歌 song 舞 dance 厅 hall

   

  Restaurant

  �厅 c�ntīng

  What it means:

  � meal 厅 hall

   

  Roller-coaster

  过山车 guòshÄ�nchÄ“

  What it means:

  过 cross 山 hill, mountain 车 vehicle

   

  Souvenir shop

  纪念å“�商店 jìniànpÇ�n shÄ�ngdiàn

  What it means:

  纪念 remember � product 商 business 店 shop

   

  Theme park

  主题ä¹�å›­ zhÇ”tí lèyuán

  What it means:

  主 main 题 topic � happy, enjoy, find pleasure in 园 a place for public recreation