Superficial group of back muscles:
Trapezius originates from the spinous processes of C7 to T12 to the clavicle and the spine of scapula. It is innervated by the motor-accessory nerve and assist in rotating the scapula during the abduction of the humerus.
Latissimus dorsi originates from the spinous processes of the T7 to C5 to the intertubercle solus of the humerus. It is innervated by the throacodorsal nerve and extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus.
Levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of C1 to C4 to the medial border of the scapula. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and elevates the scapula.
Rhomboid major originates from the spinous processes of T2 to T5 to the medial border of scapula. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and elevates and adducts the scapula.
Rhomboid minor originates from the spinous processes of C7 to T1 to the medial border of the scapula. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and elevates and adducts the scapula.
Intermediate muscles of the back:
Serratus posterior superior originates from the spinous processes of C7 to T3 to the ribs of 2 to 5. It is innervated by the anterior rami of the upper throacic nerves and elevates the ribs 2 to 5.
Serratus posterior inferior originates from the spinous process of T11 to L3 toribs 9 to 12. It is innervated by the anterior rami of the lower throacic nerves. It depresses the ribs 9 to 12.
Spinotransversales muscles:
Splenius capitius originates from the spinous process of C7 to T4 to the mastoid process. It is innervated by the posterior rami of the medial cervical nerves. Draw and rotate head to one side. Together extend neck.
Splenius cervicis originates from the spinous T3 to T6 to transverse C1 to C3. It is innervated by the posterior rami of the lower cervical nerve. It rotate head to one side. Together extend neck
Erector spinale muscles: They are primary extensors of veterbral column and the head.
Illocoastalis lumborum:
It originates from the sacrum to the spinous processes of C7 to T4.
Illocoastalis throacis:
It originates from the lower 6 ribs to the upper 6 ribs.
Illocastalis cervicis;
It originates fom the ribs of 3 and 4 to the tranverse processes of C4 and C6.
Longissimus throacis:
It originates from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae to the transverse processes of all throacic vertebrae.
Longissimus cervicis:
It originates from the transverse upper 4 or 5 thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes of C2 and C4.
Longissmus capitis:
It originates from the articular processes of lower 3 or 4 cervical vertebrae.
Spinalis thoracis:
It originates from the spinous processes of T10 to L2 to the spinous processes of T1 to T8.
Spinalis cervicis:
It originates from spinous processes of C7
Spinalis capitis:
It blends with semispinalis capitis.
Transversospinales back muscles: They extend the vertebral column when contracting.
Semispinalis thoracis:
It originates from the transverse processes of T4 to T10 to the spinous processes of upper 4 thoracic and lower 2 cervical vertebrae.
Semispinalis cervicis:
It originates from the transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae to spinous processes of C2 to C5.
Semispinalis capitis:
It originates from the transverse processes of T1 to T4 to occipital bone.
Multifidus:
It originates from the sacrum to base of spinous processes of all vertebra.
Rotatores lumborum:
It originates from mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae to spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae.
Rotatores thoarcis:
It originates from the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae to tmhe spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae.
Rotatores cervicis:
It originates from the articular processes of cervical vertebrae to the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.
Segmental back muscles:
Levatores costarum:
It originates from transverse processes of C7 to T11 to the rib below vertebrae of origin. Its contraction elevates rib.
Interspinales:
It is between the spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae. They stabilise adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column.
Intertransversarii:
It is between the transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae.They stabilise adjoining vertebrae during movements of vertebral column.
Suboccipital back muscles: They extend the head at the atlantoaxial joint during contraction.
Rectus capitis posterior major:
It originates from spinous process of C2 to lateral portion of occipital bone. Innervated by posterior ramus of C1 and extension of head and rotation of face.
Rectus capitis posterior minor:
It originates from the spinous processes of C1 to the medial portion of the occipital bone. Innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 and extends the head.
Obliquus capitis superior:
It originates fropm the transverse processes of C1 to occipital bone. Innervated by posterior ramus of C1 and extension and bending of head.
Obliquus capitis inferior: It originates from the spinous processes of C2 to the transverse process of C1. Innervated by posterior ramus of C1and rotates face to same side.