The worst of Singapore haze is over, says NEA
By Yvonne Yong, channelnewsasia.com | Posted: 01 November 2006 1350 hrs
SINGAPORE: This yearÂ’s haze has been the worst since 1997, according to the National Environment Agency (NEA).
But the worst of the haze for 2006 is over, and Singapore should experience clearer skies for the remainder of the year.
Since the end of September, when Singapore first started to feel the effects of burning fires and drifting smoke from Sumatra and Borneo, there have been three days when the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) has hit 'unhealthy' levels above 100.
The highest recorded level for this year was 128 on October 7, compared to 138 in 1997, when there were a total of twelve ‘unhealthy’ days.
The rising PSI levels this year prompted the NEA to provide hourly PSI readings from October 6, based on average readings taken over three hours.
This was so that Singaporeans could get an indication of the haze levels throughout the day rather than wait for the more accurate 24-hr reading at 4pm.
Thirteen air pollutant monitoring stations throughout Singapore measure the levels of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and PM10 in the air.
The main pollutant during the haze period has been PM10 or, in less scientific terms, tiny particles of soot, dust, smoke, fumes and aerosols.
The daily PSI reading for Singapore over the past month has corresponded to the highest PM10 level (daily average) recorded in any one of the North, South, East, West or Central regions.
Since 2000, the NEA has also been able to keep track of the number of fires burning, or hotspots, in the region, via satellite.
The highest number of hotspots recorded on any one day this year was 637, both on October 11 and 15.
Towards the end of October, the number of hotspots in Borneo have remained in the hundreds, while those in Sumatra have reduced to almost zero.
The NEA says the worst of the haze in Singapore is over for 2006, with the air quality and PSI unlikely to venture into the ‘unhealthy’ range due to inter-monsoon conditions with light and variable winds.
Inter-Monsoons are the transition periods between the traditional dry and wet seasons in the region.
The Southwest Monsoon (dry season) usually lasts from May to September and the Northeast Monsoon (wet season) from December to March.
However, Singapore experienced rather dry conditions during October this year with rainfall for the month recorded at below average for about 90 per cent of the island.
The southern coastal areas including Sentosa Island and East Coast Park were especially dry with only 10 to 40 mm of rain recorded (80 to 95 per cent below average).
Drier-than-normal weather not only in Singapore but also in Sumatra and Kalimantan where forest fires have been occurring, has contributed to the higher haze levels experienced in October.
Towards the end of October Singapore has had increasingly ‘good’ quality air with PSI readings below 50.
Forecasters say this is mainly due to the change in the wind patterns and an increase in rainfall over fire-stricken areas in the region.
The fact that Singapore has experienced more rain of late, with the central area around MacRitchie Reservoir receiving 30 per cent more rain than usual, has meant clearer skies as rain washes away haze particles in the air.
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