The Manchester United defender, who was playing his first match since the opening day of the Premier League season, is ready to call time after a the 1-0 loss to Slovenia cost his country a play-off place.
The 29-year-old said: "It's time for a change of generations and for some older players to say goodbye to the Serbian jersey."
Vidic is joined by Inter Milan ace Dejan Stankovic, 33, who said "I played many matches, helped the national team and it's time for me to turn to my tasks with Inter Milan."
Stankovic had played his 102nd match for Serbia, with Vidic reaching 56 caps. Vidic will retire from international football having scored two goals for his national side.