Armada International 2007 FebruarySorry, just got back to office, pm some people to arrange some stuff, saw this and cross-posted, also in www.sgforums.com
Armouring trucks for combat: add-on armour is a necessity for combat service support vehicles to operate on the modern asymmetric battlefield
After the collapse of Saddam Hussein's army in 2003 Iraqi insurgents were quick to realise that the Achilles heel of US-led coalition forces is the ten of thousands of soft-skin combat service support vehicles necessary to bring essential items into Iraq for distribution to forward-deployed units. Improvised explosive devices, usually built using artillery shells or land mines, are the weapons-of-choice for insurgents, as they can be detonated independently or used to initiate an ambush by insurgents armed with automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenades.
The United States, other NATO nations and their allies had developed add-on armour kits to protect soft-skin vehicles deployed on peace support operations in Former Yugoslavia during the 1990s, but these were acquired in comparatively small numbers. As casualties to troops and vehicles mounted in Iraq, the US Department of Defense launched a crash programme to provide armour protection kits and a self-defence capability for the soft-skin tactical wheeled vehicles in Iraq. Only 10% of the medium tactical wheeled vehicles and about 15% of the heavy variety in Iraq had armour protection fitted in December 2004.
Officials subsequently made a commitment that no vehicles would leave base areas without armour fitted. Armour solutions were improvised in theatre, as manufacturers increased production of existing armour kits and developed new designs for vehicles that previously had not been fitted with armour.
The Central Command operates four armour installation sites in Iraq in addition to facilities in Kuwait. Dispersing the sites reduces the expense and time of moving vehicles to a central location. By late 2006 only one of these was manned entirely by military teams, with civilian contractors operating at the other sites alongside military personnel. Armour installation is a four-step process that begins with stripping areas of the vehicle, then adding heat and air conditioning, reinforcing the frame and finally installing the armour. Besides trucks and Humvees, kits have also been developed for engineering equipment such as bulldozers, rollers and graders.
The fitting of add-on armour has significant cost implications beyond initial acquisition and installation. The weight of armour reduces a vehicle's load capacity, thus requiring either more vehicles in theatre or more trips to be made. With armour fitted the Humvees, the lightest member of the tactical wheeled vehicle fleet, is no longer able to carry the standard shelter, which must now be mounted on a trailer or carried by a larger vehicle. As a rule, militaries operate fleets that combine militarised versions of commercial trucks and purpose-built military designs; it is generally much more difficult to fit add-on armour to commercial designs than to military designs. The additional weight also exacerbates the increased operational tempo, which is significantly reducing the life expectancy of the American fleet. The combined costs of up-armouring, rebuilding (Reset), upgrading (Recap) and the acquisition of new vehicles has resulted in the Department of Defense increasing its expenditure on tactical wheeled vehicles from an average of about $ one billion annually from between 2000 and 2004 to about $3 billion in subsequent years.
The US Army is placing priority on five key areas in new designs: mobility, fuel efficiency, electronics (such as drive vision and movement tracking systems), cargo handling and crew survivability. The Long-Term Armor Strategy requires that every new vehicle be 'fitted for but not with' B-Kit armour, which can be easily added in the field to supplement the integrated armour protection (A-Kit) fitted, during the manufacture process, to areas that would be difficult to reach in the field. The A/B armour concept was pioneered by the latest variants of the AM General Humvees, the two-seat Ml151 Armament Carrier and the four-seat M1152 Troop/Cargo/Shelter Carrier, which the army began fielding in mid-2005. Light Tactical Vehicles (LTV) represent about 50% of the US Army's Wheeled Tactical Vehicle fleet with about 120,000 Humvees, 9000 Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicles and limited numbers of Small Unit Support Vehicles in service. International Military and Government, a subsidiary of International Truck and Engine, and Lockheed Martin are developing competing designs for the Future Tactical Truck System Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration, which is expected to lead to a Humvee replacement (light utility vehicles will be the subject of an article in a future issue of Armada International).
The army has more than 85,000 Medium Tactical Vehicles, about 40% of its total soft-skin tactical wheeled fleet, of which more than 20,000 are Family of Medium Tactical Vehicle (FMTV) variants with production scheduled to continue well into the next decade. Stewart & Stevenson Tactical Vehicle Systems, manufacturer of the FMTV, developed the Low Signature Armored Cab (Lsac) as a replacement unit for the vehicle's commercially-derived cab and has delivered more than 2100 units. The FMTV's standard cab can be replaced by an Lsac in eight hours. The company claims the Lsac provides 50% greater protection and weighs 40% less than available applique kits. Stewart & Stevenson is also producing the lighter Lasc-H for installation on FMTV chassis that will be used to carry the High Mobility Artillery Rocket System and its resupply vehicle. The company unveiled an armoured 4 x 4 FMTV utility variant in 2006. Based on the chassis of the M1078 Light Medium Tactical Vehicle, it features a new bonnet, behind which an Lsac is fitted. Positioning the cab further behind the front axle improves survivability should the vehicle strike a mine. The platform at the rear of the vehicle can carry either a three-tonne payload or the standard shelter, which can no longer be mounted on the Humvee.
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Originally posted by Ristar:Many countries do buy the ex German Leo2A4 tanks, such as Poland, Chile, Canada, Greece etc....Many of these countries are in NATO and is in the EU which means they use Euro. As most people know the Euro is now much stronger than the US$. That being said...these countries are not poor that why they choose the Leo2A4 but bought them more for its quality at a good price. And Singapore is smart enough to follow in their footsteps....
i like the idea of CROWS. i scared to die one.
however, to provide enough protection from rifle rounds, RPG rounds, grenades, landmines, IEDs... wat abt VBIED then? the 5 tonner would become a really big tank.
thick composite armour, bullet proof glass... then wat abt the troops behind? use armour instead of canvas?
i believe the US invented a vehicle called the Stryker already.
personally, i think that we shouldnt even get the bloody leopard tanks (A4 variant). they are old models that other countries dun want. we should have gotten M1A2 Abrams fully modified with the optional modifications for our MBT.
and dun tell me its not feasible for our terrain, like some brainless officers in my camp says to save the face of the army... they are almost the same size.
no money say no money. haha...
anyway, minefields are marked out by most countries. so, just drive the MCV over. if not, wat is a 5 tonner doing in a place that is not secured by the blue force yet? why not use APCs if the situation is assessed to be so dangerous?
save money ah? :lol;
Moca-Chino - sounds like some Starbucks concoction.Originally posted by CM06:The author is an idiot.
Chino65: Can i call you moca? Heh more used to that.
Yes it's a truck.
this is crap. is he saying that we should build something like a bionix that is the size of a 5 tonne truck for troop carrying?Originally posted by LRRP:From ST Forum today. Do you agree with him?
I dont..i think many of his points doesnt hold water
http://www.straitstimes.com/ST%2BForum/Story/STIStory_130242.html
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I REFER to the news article on the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) providing more protection for the canvas covered five tonne trucks ('Increased protection for troops'; ST, May 21). The level of protection is supposedly for low-intensity conflicts. From the picture in the article, it appears armoured plates are attached to the sides of the truck.
The low-intensity conflicts the SAF is thinking of must be against an opposition armed with sticks and stones. That is the only way troops in that armoured truck can survive.
If the truck encounters an improvised explosive device (IED), the consequences will not be good. Generally, an IED blast is not focused and vents upwards.
In the case of the armoured truck, the armoured side walls and wooden plank floor will channel force upwards through where the troops are. The armoured plates now become a liability. If that is not lethal enough, the two spare tyres carried below the truck bed will come crashing through like a battering ram.
Now in the case of a pressure plate landmine, with the truck travelling forward, the explosive force will direct the front tyres, axle and other related automotive parts upwards. All this shrapnel will go into the front cabin with relative ease.
The firing ports are usually overrated and a grenade hazard. A system like a remotely operated machine gun will be safer, for example, a common remotely operated weapon station (Crows). Last but not least, it needs an additional protective sheet to trigger the fuses of rocket-propelled grenades.
If Singapore Technologies can design a armoured personnel carrier like the Bionix, it should not be a stretch to design a vehicle with more protection. After all, the principles of these vehicles are fairly simple: no load above the wheels, smooth and V-shaped hull for the bottom of the truck, and civilian automotive transmission.
The five-tonne trucks should carry cargo, not troops.
Alfred Loo Swee Kian
Before I left NS... I tot that they intend to switch from landrover to the new MCV????Originally posted by Don©:Out of point but, i feel that instead of focusing on some new vehicle like the man truck, SAF should probably do something about the decades old landrovers which is so fked up to drive. And not to mention the amount of pollution that comes out of it.
for a good price. cheap. save money = dun get the best.Originally posted by tankee1981:Many countries do buy the ex German Leo2A4 tanks, such as Poland, Chile, Canada, Greece etc....Many of these countries are in NATO and is in the EU which means they use Euro. As most people know the Euro is now much stronger than the US$. That being said...these countries are not poor that why they choose the Leo2A4 but bought them more for its quality at a good price. And Singapore is smart enough to follow in their footsteps....
I am Sorry if you felt Ridiculed. It was not my intention. Please accept my apologies.Originally posted by Ristar:turret and rear has always been vulnerable places. however, will a 2A4 survive these hits?
we are comparing these 2 tanks, not debating whether the M1 can be killed/disabled.
Cool Aid indeed. try to have a constructive sharing session instead of trying to ridicule me. too difficult for u?
damn, now i feel like an idiot for being overly sensitive. sorry abt it too.Originally posted by snowfox_my:I am Sorry if you felt Ridiculed. It was not my intention. Please accept my apologies.
Not many people know that the M1 has weak areas, even on the frontal arc. The American are naturally sensitive of such information on the web. Been noticing, and still confirming, that the American are mounting ERA on their Frontal Arc, as part of their new TUSK upgrade.
Picture of Frontal Armour penetration, but by what? From the blur image, cannot tell definitely if it was a APFSD (which most likely be an American shot) or a ATGM.
Please accept my apologies.
Front of the turret, you mean...?Originally posted by snowfox_my:Picture of Frontal Armour penetration, but by what? From the blur image, cannot tell definitely if it was a APFSD (which most likely be an American shot) or a ATGM.